Permeability is the ability of a substance to allow another substance to pass through it, especially the ability of a porous rock, sediment, or soil to transmit fluid through pore and cracks. Permeability is one of the most important parameters in reservoir characterization. It plays major role in reservoir simulation, enhanced oil recovery, well completion design, and overall field exploitation and development strategies. Despite its vital importance, it is one of the most difficult and controversial petrophysical properties to calculate accurately.

During this course concepts of core preparation, core measurement, core analysis types and procedures will be explained. The petrophysical rock properties such as porosity, permeability, grain density, saturation and porosity-permeability relations in different rock facies will be studied. The relationship between these parameters under in situ conditions will be discussed. The trainer will provide the relationship between core analysis data and logging measurements for depth matching, understanding abnormal log readings and to obtain different petrophysical parameters with focus on reservoir permeability prediction.

At the end of the course, the participants will be able to know permeability determination from logging tools such as NMR, MDT and PLT. Learn permeability estimation from log measurements and results using porosity with Swirr cross plot, and from Morris-Biggs and Timur equations. Improve productivity from permeability transform with the support of case study, examples and practical exercises.

DAY 1

Overview of the program

Core Analysis

• Objectives of Core Analysis
• Core Preparation
• Core Samples
• Core Measurement
• Types of Core Analysis
• Core Analysis Procedures

Reservoir Rock Properties

• Porosity
• Saturation
• Permeability
• Permeability and Porosity Relationships

Logging Measurements

• Introduction
• Logging Environments
• Open-Hole Logging Tools
  • Lithology Tools
  • Porosity Tools
  • Resistivity Tools
  • Practical Exercise and Q & A

Case study: Introducing the different types and Procedures of Core Analysis

Exercise: Horizontal Permeability vs Helium Porosity (Lab Measurements)

DAY 2

Other Logging Tools for Permeability Prediction and Facies Detection

• NMR Tools for permeability estimationMDT Tool for permeability calculation
• PLT Tools for permeable layers detection and productivity
• Dipmeter Tools for different facies and texture

Core-Log Petrophysical Parameter Relationship

• Core - Log Gamma
• Core - Log Porosity
• Permeability determination from log porosity and
• Swi cross-plot.
• Permeability calculation from Morris and Biggs equation
• Permeability estimation from Timur equation
• Permeability-Porosity Relationship in different rock facies
• Permeability-Resistivity Relationship

Practical Exercise and Q & A

Case study: Introducing the open-hole logging

Exercise:

• Core-Log Petrophysical Parameter Relationship as: Core Log Gamma and Core – Log Porosity
• Core-Log Petrophysical Parameter Relationship as: Core Rermeability – Log Porosity and Core Permeability – Log Resistivity relationships.

DAY 3

Case Study: For Permeability Prediction Carbonate Reservoir in Gulf area and sandstone reservoir in Middle East and can be applicable to anywhere for these reservoirs.

Permeability prediction from log data using core analysis results in heterogeneous carbonates:

• Problems of permeability estimation from logs
• Modern approach for permeability estimation
• Advantages and limitations
• Application to complex carbonate reservoir example
  • Processing sequence for core and log preparation
  • Estimators as RHOB, NPHI, DT, PRXO, PHIE PHIC
  • Histograms of log and core estimators with core permeability
  • Cross plots of these estimators with HZ & VT core permeability
  • Results of permeability estimations
  • Quality check of permeability estimated with core permeability

Permeability prediction from log data for another example in clastic

• Cross plot of core permeability with log porosity in different facies of clastic
• Improvement in transform for separate cross plots of each facies

Dipmeter Relations with Core Data :

• Facies and rock types detection
• Texture and Sedimentary Features
• Structural Analysis from Dipmeter

Depositional Environment and Sedimentary Sequences from Core and Log

Practical Exercise and Q & A

Case study:

• The Petrophysical Parameters as Permeability from Core Analysis
• The quality of the permeability

Exercise:

• The core permeability and log estimators
• The Permeability predicted with the core permeability

DAY 4

Application of Core-Log Relationship for Permeability Prediction?

• Dipmeter Relation with Core Data
• Applications to field development

Case study:

• Carbonate and Clastic Reservoirs with different types of Hydrocarbon.
• Rock Typing in Carbonate Reservoir using Core Data with the Computer Processing Data
• Relations between Permeability predicted with Resistivity and Porosity.

Exercise : Practical Training Examples.